Gain of Function Research sounds so much better than Terrorist Bioweapon Research, doesn’t it?
The PubMed abstract below dated 12/21/2015 describes how the researchers (the two Chinese are at Wuhan - see here and here) “generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus” that can “efficiently use” the ACE2 receptors in the human lung. Sounds a lot like COVID19.
This article from Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (Children’s Health Defense) asks Congress to investigate U.S. funding (NIH/Fauci) of similar research in a 2016 Virology article.
We have met the bioterrorist and it is U.S.!
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26552008/
works at Wuhan : Zheng-Li-Shi https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Zheng-Li-Shi-2110603175
Xing-Yi Ge 4 https://childrenshealthdefense.org/news/republish/chds-letter-to-congress-urging-covid-19-origins-investigation/
Children’s Health Defense: https://childrenshealthdefense.org/news/republish/chds-letter-to-congress-urging-covid-19-origins-investigation/
Virology article: https://jvi.asm.org/content/90/6/3253
Nat Med
. 2015 Dec;21(12):1508-13. doi: 10.1038/nm.3985. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence
Vineet D Menachery 1, Boyd L Yount Jr 1, Kari Debbink 1 2, Sudhakar Agnihothram 3, Lisa E Gralinski 1, Jessica A Plante 1, Rachel L Graham 1, Trevor Scobey 1, Xing-Yi Ge 4, Eric F Donaldson 1, Scott H Randell 5 6, Antonio Lanzavecchia 7, Wayne A Marasco 8 9, Zhengli-Li Shi 4, Ralph S Baric 1 2
Affiliations expand
Erratum in
· Corrigendum: A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence.
Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, Agnihothram S, Gralinski LE, Plante JA, Graham RL, Scobey T, Ge XY, Donaldson EF, Randell SH, Lanzavecchia A, Marasco WA, Shi ZL, Baric RS.Nat Med. 2016 Apr;22(4):446. doi: 10.1038/nm0416-446d.PMID: 27050591 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
· Author Correction: A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence.
Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, Agnihothram S, Gralinski LE, Plante JA, Graham RL, Scobey T, Ge XY, Donaldson EF, Randell SH, Lanzavecchia A, Marasco WA, Shi ZL, Baric RS.Nat Med. 2020 Jul;26(7):1146. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0924-2.PMID: 32661400 Free PMC article.
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat of cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in humans. Here we examine the disease potential of a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is currently circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations. Using the SARS-CoV reverse genetics system, we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis. Evaluation of available SARS-based immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy; both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and protect from infection with CoVs using the novel spike protein. On the basis of these findings, we synthetically re-derived an infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Our work suggests a potential risk of SARS-CoV re-emergence from viruses currently circulating in bat populations.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26552008/
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The PubMed abstract below dated 12/21/2015 describes how the researchers (the two Chinese are at Wuhan - see here and here) “generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus” that can “efficiently use” the ACE2 receptors in the human lung. Sounds a lot like COVID19.
This article from Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (Children’s Health Defense) asks Congress to investigate U.S. funding (NIH/Fauci) of similar research in a 2016 Virology article.
We have met the bioterrorist and it is U.S.!
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26552008/
works at Wuhan : Zheng-Li-Shi https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Zheng-Li-Shi-2110603175
Xing-Yi Ge 4 https://childrenshealthdefense.org/news/republish/chds-letter-to-congress-urging-covid-19-origins-investigation/
Children’s Health Defense: https://childrenshealthdefense.org/news/republish/chds-letter-to-congress-urging-covid-19-origins-investigation/
Virology article: https://jvi.asm.org/content/90/6/3253
Nat Med
. 2015 Dec;21(12):1508-13. doi: 10.1038/nm.3985. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence
Vineet D Menachery 1, Boyd L Yount Jr 1, Kari Debbink 1 2, Sudhakar Agnihothram 3, Lisa E Gralinski 1, Jessica A Plante 1, Rachel L Graham 1, Trevor Scobey 1, Xing-Yi Ge 4, Eric F Donaldson 1, Scott H Randell 5 6, Antonio Lanzavecchia 7, Wayne A Marasco 8 9, Zhengli-Li Shi 4, Ralph S Baric 1 2
Affiliations expand
- PMID: 26552008
- PMCID: PMC4797993
- DOI: 10.1038/nm.3985
Erratum in
· Corrigendum: A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence.
Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, Agnihothram S, Gralinski LE, Plante JA, Graham RL, Scobey T, Ge XY, Donaldson EF, Randell SH, Lanzavecchia A, Marasco WA, Shi ZL, Baric RS.Nat Med. 2016 Apr;22(4):446. doi: 10.1038/nm0416-446d.PMID: 27050591 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
· Author Correction: A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence.
Menachery VD, Yount BL Jr, Debbink K, Agnihothram S, Gralinski LE, Plante JA, Graham RL, Scobey T, Ge XY, Donaldson EF, Randell SH, Lanzavecchia A, Marasco WA, Shi ZL, Baric RS.Nat Med. 2020 Jul;26(7):1146. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0924-2.PMID: 32661400 Free PMC article.
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat of cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in humans. Here we examine the disease potential of a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is currently circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations. Using the SARS-CoV reverse genetics system, we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone. The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis. Evaluation of available SARS-based immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy; both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and protect from infection with CoVs using the novel spike protein. On the basis of these findings, we synthetically re-derived an infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Our work suggests a potential risk of SARS-CoV re-emergence from viruses currently circulating in bat populations.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26552008/
Next Chronicle
